package Mojolicious; use Mojo::Base -base; # "Fry: Shut up and take my money!" use Carp (); use Mojo::DynamicMethods -dispatch; use Mojo::Exception; use Mojo::Home; use Mojo::Loader; use Mojo::Log; use Mojo::Server; use Mojo::Util; use Mojo::UserAgent; use Mojolicious::Commands; use Mojolicious::Controller; use Mojolicious::Plugins; use Mojolicious::Renderer; use Mojolicious::Routes; use Mojolicious::Sessions; use Mojolicious::Static; use Mojolicious::Types; use Mojolicious::Validator; use Scalar::Util (); has commands => sub { Mojolicious::Commands->new(app => shift) }; has controller_class => 'Mojolicious::Controller'; has exception_format => 'html'; has home => sub { Mojo::Home->new->detect(ref shift) }; has log => sub { my $self = shift; # Reduced log output outside of development mode my $log = Mojo::Log->new; return $log->level($ENV{MOJO_LOG_LEVEL}) if $ENV{MOJO_LOG_LEVEL}; return $self->mode eq 'development' ? $log : $log->level('info'); }; has 'max_request_size'; has mode => sub { $ENV{MOJO_MODE} || $ENV{PLACK_ENV} || 'development' }; has moniker => sub { Mojo::Util::decamelize ref shift }; has plugins => sub { Mojolicious::Plugins->new }; has preload_namespaces => sub { [] }; has renderer => sub { Mojolicious::Renderer->new }; has routes => sub { Mojolicious::Routes->new }; has secrets => sub { my $self = shift; # Warn developers about insecure default $self->log->trace('Your secret passphrase needs to be changed (see FAQ for more)'); # Default to moniker return [$self->moniker]; }; has sessions => sub { Mojolicious::Sessions->new }; has static => sub { Mojolicious::Static->new }; has types => sub { Mojolicious::Types->new }; has ua => sub { Mojo::UserAgent->new }; has validator => sub { Mojolicious::Validator->new }; our $CODENAME = 'Waffle'; our $VERSION = '9.36'; sub BUILD_DYNAMIC { my ($class, $method, $dyn_methods) = @_; return sub { my $self = shift; my $dynamic = $dyn_methods->{$self->renderer}{$method}; return $self->build_controller->$dynamic(@_) if $dynamic; my $package = ref $self; Carp::croak qq{Can't locate object method "$method" via package "$package"}; }; } sub build_controller { my ($self, $tx) = @_; # Embedded application my $stash = {}; if ($tx && (my $sub = $tx->can('stash'))) { ($stash, $tx) = ($tx->$sub, $tx->tx) } # Build default controller my $defaults = $self->defaults; @$stash{keys %$defaults} = values %$defaults; my $c = $self->controller_class->new(app => $self, stash => $stash, tx => $tx); $c->{tx} ||= $self->build_tx; return $c; } sub build_tx { my $self = shift; my $tx = Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new; my $max = $self->max_request_size; $tx->req->max_message_size($max) if defined $max; $self->plugins->emit_hook(after_build_tx => $tx, $self); return $tx; } sub config { Mojo::Util::_stash(config => @_) } sub defaults { Mojo::Util::_stash(defaults => @_) } sub dispatch { my ($self, $c) = @_; my $plugins = $self->plugins->emit_hook(before_dispatch => $c); my $stash = $c->stash; return if $stash->{'mojo.rendered'}; # Try to find a static file my $tx = $c->tx; $self->static->dispatch($c) and $plugins->emit_hook(after_static => $c) unless $tx->res->code; # Start timer (ignore static files) $c->helpers->log->trace(sub { my $req = $c->req; my $method = $req->method; my $path = $req->url->path->to_abs_string; $c->helpers->timing->begin('mojo.timer'); return qq{$method "$path"}; }) unless $stash->{'mojo.static'}; # Routes $plugins->emit_hook(before_routes => $c); $c->helpers->reply->not_found unless $tx->res->code || $self->routes->dispatch($c) || $tx->res->code; } sub handler { my $self = shift; # Dispatcher has to be last in the chain ++$self->{dispatch} and $self->hook(around_action => \&_action) and $self->hook(around_dispatch => sub { $_[1]->app->dispatch($_[1]) }) unless $self->{dispatch}; # Process with chain my $c = $self->build_controller(@_); $self->plugins->emit_chain(around_dispatch => $c); # Delayed response $c->helpers->log->trace('Nothing has been rendered, expecting delayed response (see FAQ for more)') unless $c->stash->{'mojo.rendered'}; } sub helper { shift->renderer->add_helper(@_) } sub hook { shift->plugins->on(@_) } sub new { my $self = shift->SUPER::new((ref $_[0] ? %{shift()} : @_), @Mojo::Server::ARGS_OVERRIDE); my $home = $self->home; push @{$self->renderer->paths}, $home->child('templates')->to_string; push @{$self->static->paths}, $home->child('public')->to_string; # Default to controller and application namespace my $controller = "@{[ref $self]}::Controller"; my $r = $self->preload_namespaces([$controller])->routes->namespaces([$controller, ref $self]); $self->plugin($_) for qw(HeaderCondition DefaultHelpers TagHelpers EPLRenderer EPRenderer); # Exception handling should be first in chain $self->hook(around_dispatch => \&_exception); $self->startup; $self->warmup; return $self; } sub plugin { my $self = shift; $self->plugins->register_plugin(shift, $self, @_); } sub server { $_[0]->plugins->emit_hook(before_server_start => @_[1, 0]) } sub start { my $self = shift; $_->warmup for $self->static, $self->renderer; return $self->commands->run(@_ ? @_ : @ARGV); } sub startup { } sub warmup { Mojo::Loader::load_classes $_ for @{shift->preload_namespaces} } sub _action { my ($next, $c, $action, $last) = @_; my $val = $action->($c); $val->catch(sub { $c->helpers->reply->exception(shift) }) if Scalar::Util::blessed $val && $val->isa('Mojo::Promise'); return $val; } sub _die { CORE::die ref $_[0] ? $_[0] : Mojo::Exception->new(shift)->trace } sub _exception { my ($next, $c) = @_; local $SIG{__DIE__} = \&_die; $c->helpers->reply->exception($@) unless eval { $next->(); 1 }; } 1; =encoding utf8 =head1 NAME Mojolicious - Real-time web framework =head1 SYNOPSIS # Application package MyApp; use Mojo::Base 'Mojolicious', -signatures; # Route sub startup ($self) { $self->routes->get('/hello')->to('foo#hello'); } # Controller package MyApp::Controller::Foo; use Mojo::Base 'Mojolicious::Controller', -signatures; # Action sub hello ($self) { $self->render(text => 'Hello World!'); } =head1 DESCRIPTION An amazing real-time web framework built on top of the powerful L web development toolkit. With support for RESTful routes, plugins, commands, Perl-ish templates, content negotiation, session management, form validation, testing framework, static file server, C/C detection, first class Unicode support and much more for you to discover. Take a look at our excellent documentation in L! =head1 HOOKS L will emit the following hooks in the listed order. =head2 before_command Emitted right before the application runs a command through the command line interface. $app->hook(before_command => sub ($command, $args) {...}); Useful for reconfiguring the application before running a command or to modify the behavior of a command. (Passed the command object and the command arguments) =head2 before_server_start Emitted right before the application server is started, for web servers that support it, which includes all the built-in ones. $app->hook(before_server_start => sub ($server, $app) {...}); Useful for reconfiguring application servers dynamically or collecting server diagnostics information. (Passed the server and application objects) =head2 after_build_tx Emitted right after the transaction is built and before the HTTP request gets parsed. $app->hook(after_build_tx => sub ($tx, $app) {...}); This is a very powerful hook and should not be used lightly, it makes some rather advanced features such as upload progress bars possible. Note that this hook will not work for embedded applications, because only the host application gets to build transactions. (Passed the transaction and application objects) =head2 around_dispatch Emitted right after a new request has been received and wraps around the whole dispatch process, so you have to manually forward to the next hook if you want to continue the chain. Default exception handling with Lexception"> is the first hook in the chain and a call to L the last, yours will be in between. $app->hook(around_dispatch => sub ($next, $c) { ... $next->(); ... }); This is a very powerful hook and should not be used lightly, it allows you to, for example, customize application-wide exception handling, consider it the sledgehammer in your toolbox. (Passed a callback leading to the next hook and the default controller object) =head2 before_dispatch Emitted right before the static file server and router start their work. $app->hook(before_dispatch => sub ($c) {...}); Very useful for rewriting incoming requests and other preprocessing tasks. (Passed the default controller object) =head2 after_static Emitted after a static file response has been generated by the static file server. $app->hook(after_static => sub ($c) {...}); Mostly used for post-processing static file responses. (Passed the default controller object) =head2 before_routes Emitted after the static file server determined if a static file should be served and before the router starts its work. $app->hook(before_routes => sub ($c) {...}); Mostly used for custom dispatchers and collecting metrics. (Passed the default controller object) =head2 around_action Emitted right before an action gets executed and wraps around it, so you have to manually forward to the next hook if you want to continue the chain. Default action dispatching is the last hook in the chain, yours will run before it. $app->hook(around_action => sub ($next, $c, $action, $last) { ... return $next->(); }); This is a very powerful hook and should not be used lightly, it allows you for example to pass additional arguments to actions or handle return values differently. Note that this hook can trigger more than once for the same request if there are nested routes. (Passed a callback leading to the next hook, the current controller object, the action callback and a flag indicating if this action is an endpoint) =head2 before_render Emitted before content is generated by the renderer. Note that this hook can trigger out of order due to its dynamic nature, and with embedded applications will only work for the application that is rendering. $app->hook(before_render => sub ($c, $args) {...}); Mostly used for pre-processing arguments passed to the renderer. (Passed the current controller object and the render arguments) =head2 after_render Emitted after content has been generated by the renderer that will be assigned to the response. Note that this hook can trigger out of order due to its dynamic nature, and with embedded applications will only work for the application that is rendering. $app->hook(after_render => sub ($c, $output, $format) {...}); Mostly used for post-processing dynamically generated content. (Passed the current controller object, a reference to the content and the format) =head2 after_dispatch Emitted in reverse order after a response has been generated. Note that this hook can trigger out of order due to its dynamic nature, and with embedded applications will only work for the application that is generating the response. $app->hook(after_dispatch => sub ($c) {...}); Useful for rewriting outgoing responses and other post-processing tasks. (Passed the current controller object) =head1 ATTRIBUTES L implements the following attributes. =head2 commands my $commands = $app->commands; $app = $app->commands(Mojolicious::Commands->new); Command line interface for your application, defaults to a L object. # Add another namespace to load commands from push @{$app->commands->namespaces}, 'MyApp::Command'; =head2 controller_class my $class = $app->controller_class; $app = $app->controller_class('Mojolicious::Controller'); Class to be used for the default controller, defaults to L. Note that this class needs to have already been loaded before the first request arrives. =head2 exception_format my $format = $app->exception_format; $app = $app->exception_format('txt'); Format for HTTP exceptions (C, C, or C), defaults to C. =head2 home my $home = $app->home; $app = $app->home(Mojo::Home->new); The home directory of your application, defaults to a L object which stringifies to the actual path. # Portably generate path relative to home directory my $path = $app->home->child('data', 'important.txt'); =head2 log my $log = $app->log; $app = $app->log(Mojo::Log->new); The logging layer of your application, defaults to a L object. The level will default to either the C environment variable, C if the L is C, or C otherwise. All messages will be written to C by default. # Log debug message $app->log->debug('It works'); =head2 max_request_size my $max = $app->max_request_size; $app = $app->max_request_size(16777216); Maximum request size in bytes, defaults to the value of L. Setting the value to C<0> will allow requests of indefinite size. Note that increasing this value can also drastically increase memory usage, should you for example attempt to parse an excessively large request body with the methods L or L. =head2 mode my $mode = $app->mode; $app = $app->mode('production'); The operating mode for your application, defaults to a value from the C and C environment variables or C. =head2 moniker my $moniker = $app->moniker; $app = $app->moniker('foo_bar'); Moniker of this application, often used as default filename for configuration files and the like, defaults to decamelizing the application class with L. =head2 plugins my $plugins = $app->plugins; $app = $app->plugins(Mojolicious::Plugins->new); The plugin manager, defaults to a L object. See the L method below if you want to load a plugin. # Add another namespace to load plugins from push @{$app->plugins->namespaces}, 'MyApp::Plugin'; =head2 preload_namespaces my $namespaces = $app->preload_namespaces; $app = $app->preload_namespaces(['MyApp::Controller']); Namespaces to preload classes from during application startup. =head2 renderer my $renderer = $app->renderer; $app = $app->renderer(Mojolicious::Renderer->new); Used to render content, defaults to a L object. For more information about how to generate content see L. # Enable compression $app->renderer->compress(1); # Add another "templates" directory push @{$app->renderer->paths}, '/home/sri/templates'; # Add another "templates" directory with higher precedence unshift @{$app->renderer->paths}, '/home/sri/themes/blue/templates'; # Add another class with templates in DATA section push @{$app->renderer->classes}, 'Mojolicious::Plugin::Fun'; =head2 routes my $routes = $app->routes; $app = $app->routes(Mojolicious::Routes->new); The router, defaults to a L object. You use this in your startup method to define the url endpoints for your application. # Add routes my $r = $app->routes; $r->get('/foo/bar')->to('test#foo', title => 'Hello Mojo!'); $r->post('/baz')->to('test#baz'); # Add another namespace to load controllers from push @{$app->routes->namespaces}, 'MyApp::MyController'; =head2 secrets my $secrets = $app->secrets; $app = $app->secrets([$bytes]); Secret passphrases used for signed cookies and the like, defaults to the L of this application, which is not very secure, so you should change it!!! As long as you are using the insecure default there will be debug messages in the log file reminding you to change your passphrase. Only the first passphrase is used to create new signatures, but all of them for verification. So you can increase security without invalidating all your existing signed cookies by rotating passphrases, just add new ones to the front and remove old ones from the back. # Rotate passphrases $app->secrets(['new_passw0rd', 'old_passw0rd', 'very_old_passw0rd']); =head2 sessions my $sessions = $app->sessions; $app = $app->sessions(Mojolicious::Sessions->new); Signed cookie based session manager, defaults to a L object. You can usually leave this alone, see L for more information about working with session data. # Change name of cookie used for all sessions $app->sessions->cookie_name('mysession'); # Disable SameSite feature $app->sessions->samesite(undef); =head2 static my $static = $app->static; $app = $app->static(Mojolicious::Static->new); For serving static files from your C directories, defaults to a L object. # Serve static files only with a "/static" prefix $app->static->prefix('/static'); # Add another "public" directory push @{$app->static->paths}, '/home/sri/public'; # Add another "public" directory with higher precedence unshift @{$app->static->paths}, '/home/sri/themes/blue/public'; # Add another class with static files in DATA section push @{$app->static->classes}, 'Mojolicious::Plugin::Fun'; # Remove built-in favicon delete $app->static->extra->{'favicon.ico'}; =head2 types my $types = $app->types; $app = $app->types(Mojolicious::Types->new); Responsible for connecting file extensions with MIME types, defaults to a L object. # Add custom MIME type $app->types->type(twt => 'text/tweet'); =head2 ua my $ua = $app->ua; $app = $app->ua(Mojo::UserAgent->new); A full featured HTTP user agent for use in your applications, defaults to a L object. # Perform blocking request say $app->ua->get('example.com')->result->body; =head2 validator my $validator = $app->validator; $app = $app->validator(Mojolicious::Validator->new); Validate values, defaults to a L object. # Add validation check $app->validator->add_check(foo => sub ($v, $name, $value) { return $value ne 'foo'; }); # Add validation filter $app->validator->add_filter(quotemeta => sub ($v, $name, $value) { return quotemeta $value; }); =head1 METHODS L inherits all methods from L and implements the following new ones. =head2 build_controller my $c = $app->build_controller; my $c = $app->build_controller(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new); my $c = $app->build_controller(Mojolicious::Controller->new); Build default controller object with L. # Render template from application my $foo = $app->build_controller->render_to_string(template => 'foo'); =head2 build_tx my $tx = $app->build_tx; Build L object and emit L hook. =head2 config my $hash = $app->config; my $foo = $app->config('foo'); $app = $app->config({foo => 'bar', baz => 23}); $app = $app->config(foo => 'bar', baz => 23); Application configuration. # Remove value my $foo = delete $app->config->{foo}; # Assign multiple values at once $app->config(foo => 'test', bar => 23); =head2 defaults my $hash = $app->defaults; my $foo = $app->defaults('foo'); $app = $app->defaults({foo => 'bar', baz => 23}); $app = $app->defaults(foo => 'bar', baz => 23); Default values for L, assigned for every new request. # Remove value my $foo = delete $app->defaults->{foo}; # Assign multiple values at once $app->defaults(foo => 'test', bar => 23); =head2 dispatch $app->dispatch(Mojolicious::Controller->new); The heart of every L application, calls the L and L dispatchers for every request and passes them a L object. =head2 handler $app->handler(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new); $app->handler(Mojolicious::Controller->new); Sets up the default controller and emits the L hook for every request. =head2 helper $app->helper(foo => sub {...}); Add or replace a helper that will be available as a method of the controller object and the application object, as well as a function in C templates. For a full list of helpers that are available by default see L and L. # Helper $app->helper(cache => sub { state $cache = {} }); # Application $app->cache->{foo} = 'bar'; my $result = $app->cache->{foo}; # Controller $c->cache->{foo} = 'bar'; my $result = $c->cache->{foo}; # Template % cache->{foo} = 'bar'; %= cache->{foo} =head2 hook $app->hook(after_dispatch => sub {...}); Extend L with hooks, which allow code to be shared with all requests indiscriminately, for a full list of available hooks see L. # Dispatchers will not run if there's already a response code defined $app->hook(before_dispatch => sub ($c) { $c->render(text => 'Skipped static file server and router!') if $c->req->url->path->to_route =~ /do_not_dispatch/; }); =head2 new my $app = Mojolicious->new; my $app = Mojolicious->new(moniker => 'foo_bar'); my $app = Mojolicious->new({moniker => 'foo_bar'}); Construct a new L application and call L. Will automatically detect your home directory. Also sets up the renderer, static file server, a default set of plugins and an L hook with the default exception handling. =head2 plugin $app->plugin('some_thing'); $app->plugin('some_thing', foo => 23); $app->plugin('some_thing', {foo => 23}); $app->plugin('SomeThing'); $app->plugin('SomeThing', foo => 23); $app->plugin('SomeThing', {foo => 23}); $app->plugin('MyApp::Plugin::SomeThing'); $app->plugin('MyApp::Plugin::SomeThing', foo => 23); $app->plugin('MyApp::Plugin::SomeThing', {foo => 23}); Load a plugin, for a full list of example plugins included in the L distribution see L. =head2 server $app->server(Mojo::Server->new); Emits the L hook. =head2 start $app->start; $app->start(@ARGV); Start the command line interface for your application. For a full list of commands that are available by default see L. Note that the options C<-h>/C<--help>, C<--home> and C<-m>/C<--mode>, which are shared by all commands, will be parsed from C<@ARGV> during compile time. # Always start daemon $app->start('daemon', '-l', 'http://*:8080'); =head2 startup $app->startup; This is your main hook into the application, it will be called at application startup. Meant to be overloaded in a subclass. sub startup ($self) {...} =head2 warmup $app->warmup; Preload classes from L for future use. =head1 HELPERS In addition to the L and L above you can also call helpers on L objects. This includes all helpers from L and L. Note that application helpers are always called with a new default controller object, so they can't depend on or change controller state, which includes request, response and stash. # Call helper say $app->dumper({foo => 'bar'}); # Longer version say $app->build_controller->helpers->dumper({foo => 'bar'}); =head1 BUNDLED FILES The L distribution includes a few files with different licenses that have been bundled for internal use. =head2 Mojolicious Artwork Copyright (C) 2010-2024, Sebastian Riedel. Licensed under the CC-SA License, Version 4.0 L. =head2 jQuery Copyright (C) jQuery Foundation. Licensed under the MIT License, L. =head2 highlight.js Copyright (C) 2006, Ivan Sagalaev. Licensed under the BSD License, L. =head2 Bootstrap Copyright 2011-2020 The Bootstrap Authors. Copyright 2011-2020 Twitter, Inc. Licensed under the MIT License, L. =head2 Font Awesome Licensed under the CC-BY License, Version 4.0 L and SIL OFL, Version 1.1 L. =head1 CODE NAMES Every major release of L has a code name, these are the ones that have been used in the past. 9.0, C (U+1F9C7) 8.0, C (U+1F9B9) 7.0, C (U+1F369) 6.0, C (U+1F37B) 5.0, C (U+1F42F) 4.0, C (U+1F3A9) 3.0, C (U+1F308) 2.0, C (U+1F343) 1.0, C (U+2744) =head1 SPONSORS =over 2 =item L sponsored the creation of the Mojolicious logo (designed by Nicolai Graesdal) and transferred its copyright to Sebastian Riedel. =item Some of the work on this distribution has been sponsored by L. =back =head1 AUTHORS L is an open source project that relies on the tireless support of its contributors. =head2 Project Founder Sebastian Riedel, C =head2 Core Developers Current voting members of the core team in alphabetical order: =over 2 CandyAngel, C Christopher Rasch-Olsen Raa, C Dan Book, C Jan Henning Thorsen, C Joel Berger, C Marcus Ramberg, C =back The following members of the core team are currently on hiatus: =over 2 Abhijit Menon-Sen, C Glen Hinkle, C =back =head2 Contributors In alphabetical order: =over 2 Adam Kennedy Adriano Ferreira Al Newkirk Alex Efros Alex Salimon Alexander Karelas Alexey Likhatskiy Anatoly Sharifulin Andre Parker Andre Vieth Andreas Guldstrand Andreas Jaekel Andreas Koenig Andrew Fresh Andrew Nugged Andrey Khozov Andrey Kuzmin Andy Grundman Andy Lester Aristotle Pagaltzis Ashley Dev Ask Bjoern Hansen Audrey Tang Ben Tyler Ben van Staveren Benjamin Erhart Bernhard Graf Breno G. de Oliveira Brian Duggan Brian Medley Burak Gursoy Ch Lamprecht Charlie Brady Chas. J. Owens IV Chase Whitener Chris Scheller Christian Hansen chromatic Curt Tilmes Daniel Kimsey Daniel Mantovani Danijel Tasov Dagfinn Ilmari Manns�ker Danny Thomas David Davis David Webb Diego Kuperman Dmitriy Shalashov Dmitry Konstantinov Dominik Jarmulowicz Dominique Dumont Dotan Dimet Douglas Christopher Wilson Elmar S. Heeb Ettore Di Giacinto Eugen Konkov Eugene Toropov Flavio Poletti Gisle Aas Graham Barr Graham Knop Heiko Jansen Henry Tang Hernan Lopes Hideki Yamamura Hiroki Toyokawa Ian Goodacre Ilya Chesnokov Ilya Rassadin James Duncan Jan Jona Javorsek Jan Schmidt Jaroslav Muhin Jesse Vincent Johannes Plunien John Kingsley Jonathan Yu Josh Leder Kamen Naydenov Karen Etheridge Kazuhiro Shibuya Kevin Old Kitamura Akatsuki Klaus S. Madsen Knut Arne Bjorndal Lars Balker Rasmussen Lee Johnson Leon Brocard Lukas Mai Magnus Holm Maik Fischer Mark Fowler Mark Grimes Mark Stosberg Martin McGrath Marty Tennison Matt S Trout Matthew Lineen Maksym Komar Maxim Vuets Michael Gregorowicz Michael Harris Michael Jemmeson Mike Magowan Mirko Westermeier Mons Anderson Moritz Lenz Neil Watkiss Nic Sandfield Nils Diewald Oleg Zhelo Olivier Mengue Pascal Gaudette Paul Evans Paul Robins Paul Tomlin Pavel Shaydo Pedro Melo Peter Edwards Pierre-Yves Ritschard Piotr Roszatycki Quentin Carbonneaux Rafal Pocztarski Randal Schwartz Rawley Fowler Richard Elberger Rick Delaney Robert Hicks Robert Rothenberg Robin Lee Roland Lammel Roy Storey Ryan Jendoubi Salvador Fandino Santiago Zarate Sascha Kiefer Scott Wiersdorf Sebastian Paaske Torholm Sergey Zasenko Simon Bertrang Simone Tampieri Shoichi Kaji Shu Cho Skye Shaw Stanis Trendelenburg Stefan Adams Steffen Ullrich Stephan Kulow Stephane Este-Gracias Stevan Little Steve Atkins Tatsuhiko Miyagawa Terrence Brannon Tianon Gravi Tomas Znamenacek Tudor Constantin Ulrich Habel Ulrich Kautz Uwe Voelker Veesh Goldman Viacheslav Tykhanovskyi Victor Engmark Viliam Pucik Wes Cravens William Lindley Yaroslav Korshak Yuki Kimoto Zak B. Elep Zoffix Znet =back =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright (C) 2008-2024, Sebastian Riedel and others. This program is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Artistic License version 2.0. =head1 SEE ALSO L, L, L. =cut